Background: The ability to identify sex is essential for identification and plays a significant role in forensic medicine and medico legal investigations. Identification's first purpose is sex determination, which is followed by estimations of age, size, and ethnic population, all of which are influenced by the gender. When identifying morphologic characteristics for gender determination, gender analysis and estimate are carried out with almost 90% to 100% accuracy using a whole skeleton. On the other hand, partial or fragmented bones and badly injured bodies, such as in the case of a mass tragedy, might be challenging to analyse. The skull is the second-best marker for gender identification after the pelvis. However, as the mandible is the biggest bone of the skull, it may be crucial in circumstances when a whole skull is not recovered for gender identification. Objectives: To ascertain how computed tomography can be utilised to know a person's gender with the help of mandibular measurements. Methods: The study was done with the Siemens Somatom 16 slice CT machine. Patients who match the inclusion criteria and have received CT for a wide range of reasons will be considered. Various measurements such as Condylar height, Maximum ramus breadth, Minimum ramus breadth projective height of ramus, Coronoid height shall be measured. Data analysis must be done with SPSS 20. For comparisons between the right and left sides, the student t-test shall be applied. Results: 58 individuals between the ages of 18 and 35 (29 females, mean age, 26.3, 29 males, men age, 26.9 & overall mean for both sexes was 26.6 years). In the present study, mean score of five distinct mandibular parameters were calculated. All mandibular ramus variables on CT models were discovered to exhibit a statistically significant gender difference (p = 0.001). It was discovered that the mean condylar height was 64.5 mm in men and 59.56 mm in women, which was a significant (P = 0.001). It was noteworthy (P = 0.001) that whereas the mean maximal ramus width was 35.0 mm in females and 38.0 mm in men. Males and females had different mean values for the minimum ramus width, which were 31.3 mm and 28.8 mm, respectively (P = 0.001). Males and females had mean ramus projection height measurements of 52.38 mm and 47.91 mm, respectively. This difference was significant (P = 0.004). The mean coronoid height was 63.42 mm in men and 56.80 mm in women, which was significant (P = 0.001). 27 out of 29 female mandibular measures correctly identified the gender, with a prediction rate of 96.4%, and 27 out of 29 male mandibular measurements correctly identified the gender, with a prediction rate of 96.4%. The threshold for determining a per- son's sex. As a cut-off for predicting male sex, values over 62.8 mm for condylar height, 36.9 mm for maximum ramus height, 30.0 mm for lowest ramus height, 50.4 mm for projective ramus height, and 61.3 mm for coronoid height can be used. Conclusion: In forensic medicine, the assessment of mandible, particularly the ramus area, plays a crucial factor in determining gender. Future research should evaluate gender determination recommendations using various criteria in bigger sample sizes and across a range of age groups. Although there are differences in ramus measurements between both the genders, there are variations in measures between societies. Therefore, to accurately identify gender from skeletal remains, criteria that are unique to each population must be developed. We think the results of this study will be helpful to radiologists making diagnoses and surgeons working on the mandible and facial area.

Mandible Determination of gender Paranasal sinuses None

Identification requires the capacity to recognise sex, which is also important in forensic anthropology and medico legal investigations. The primary goal of identification is sex determination, which is followed by age, stature, assessment of ethnic population, and other sex-dependent characteristics. When identifying morphologic characteristics for gender determination, gender analysis and estimate are carried out with 90% to 100% accuracy using a whole skeleton.1, 2 On the other hand, when fragmentary or fragmented bones and bodies are extensively damaged, as in the case of a tragic tragedy,3 it may be challenging to analyse for the identification of identity. After the pelvis, the skull is regarded as the second-best bone for gender identification. However, as the mandible is the largest, stiffest, and most dimorphic bone in the skull, it could be essential to discern gender in situations when a whole dry skull cannot be found. It possesses a number of dimorphic features that may be used to infer gender and is sensitive to changes in young people's development. Given that the masticatory forces utilised differ depending on gender, it is known that the relative development (size, lengths, force, and angulation) of the mastication muscles has an impact on the mandibular ramus dimorphism. 4, 5

Variations in the mandible can be utilised to determine a person's gender and are acceptable for sexual dimorphism, according to Humphrey et al. 6 The mandibular condylar and rami, which display gender distinctions, have seen the most morphological alteration. The researchers employed morphological, quantitative, and molecular criteria. Morphological features can be seen and observed. Metric parameters, on the other hand, are reliable, repeatable, and based on measurements of bone fragments. Recent studies have discovered that skeletal measures are useful in determining gender features. Thus, it is crucial to find trustworthy selective analytical methods for dimorphic fragment bones. 7

Among scientists, there have been debates over the reliability of these measurements. Regarding the dimorphic properties of several measurements used in prior research on jaws, there were disagreements in the literature.

Furthermore, Varied populations have different skeletal traits, which is widely acknowledged. Because of this, each group needs a self-specific gender evaluation criterion.

Utilizing Fuji Synapse software, computed tomography was done to take the measurements. Medical scanning is a profession that is continually developing thanks to new techniques. In the discipline of forensic science, computer-assisted work methods are gradually becoming more and more common. Studies found in the literature show that computed tomography (CT) offers superior accuracy, repeatability, and reliability over traditional methods. 8