JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES

Abstract

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) are significant public health problems characterized by structural or functional anomalies of the kidneys. CKD is considered one of the ma-jor non-communicable diseases and its prevalence is increasing rapidly in Saudi Arabia. Early detection of CKD is crucial but is not common as it is generally asymptomatic in the early stages. As a result, many cases are iden-tified at more advanced stages. Aim: Risk assessment of CKD and ESRD epidemic in the Al-Leith Area in corre-lation with clinical, socioeconomic, and biochemical parameters using the Screening for Occult Renal Disease (SCORED) form. Material & Methods: A cross-sectional, non-interventional investigation was conducted on every patient ad-mitted to the internal medicine clinic-kidney unit at Al-Leith General Hospital (June-October 2018). The demo-graphic and anthropometric data were obtained using a structured questionnaire, while urine and blood sam-ples were collected and analyzed respectively. Results: 120 patients were included as divided into 2 groups (Group I-CKD=89 patients, Group II-ESRD=31 patients). A significant difference was found for kidney function, swelling of the limbs, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, hemoglobin, Sodium levels, and blood pressure (P<0.05). Patients scoring 0-3 for occult renal disease (SCORED) were 73 in Group I (82.02%) and 2 in Group II (6.45%), while a score >4 was observed in 16 (17.98%) and 29 (93.55%), respectively. Conclusions: Chronic diseases along with lifestyle influences were found to greatly affect CKD progression to ESRD. The use of the SCORED is a good pre-screening tool for CKD as it was effective at identifying patients at risk of kidney disease.

Keywords: SCORED, CKD, ESRD, KDIGO, Risk factors, Al-Lieth, KSA